Pragmatism may best describe reality, but I like the idealism of Bhagwati's insights. We need such thinking to avoid our believing that we have come close to achieving free trade.
Protectionism has a thousand faces with far more losers than winners.
Because government has the power to protect, it is corrupted into protecting by organized, small groups of those winners.
Would be interesting to see a political group advocate on behalf of the more numerous losers (read consumers) that government should not have the power to protect.
THERE OUGHTA BE A LAW that requires a 7/8 supermajority for congress to tinker in markets. From ethanol and cotton subsidies to lightbulb types and toilet flush volumes, they consistently demonstrate that central planning is less efficient than the free market.