@van,
also, I myself is doubtful about this suggestion. plz correct if I m wrong.
keep writing:)

This is a previous day question ..please evaluate !!!

Comment on the growing relationship between China and Sri Lanka. Should India be worried? Why? Substantiate

The Chinese heavy political and economic engagement with Sri Lanka has put New Delhi on alert.
Firstly port infrastructure development by Chinese greatly substantiates “String of Pearls” theory. Secondly wooing Sri Lanka in the proposed Maritime Silk Road concerns India. This is because Chinese can position itself formally, militarily, in IOR with Sri Lanka’s consent even if India does not like it. Thirdly, there will be easy access of Andaman Sea for the Chinese.
China will link Gwadar Port in Pakistan, Chittagong port in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka Port in guise of improving trade. This will virtually finish India’s dominance in its own waters. Thus, affect India’s trade network.
The economic relations may further slowdown especially when there are flat imports from Sri Lanka. India’s Foreign Direct Investment and development assistance will take a big hit if Chinese expansion of infrastructure investments continue.

Furthermore, Tamils isolation can also increase if Chinese continues to vote against UNHRC and UNSC resolutions against Sri Lanka in human rights issue. This will create a huge uproar in India and can prove to be a setback for Indo-Srilanka ties.
Finally, India is losing its geo-strategic leverage to befriend Sri India at the same time Chinese has overcome its locational barriers.

<ol>
<li>What is a deemed university? In the light of recent committee reports on their quality and performance, critically comment on their necessity and their effect on higher education sector in the country.</li>
</ol>

Ans:-

The institutions which have been for historical or some other reasons have not been provided university status but have been doing work of high specialization in some field just like universities are granted "Deemed to be University" status. Though they are periodically evaluated for continuing with the status, there have been discrepancies of late.

Tondon Committe was constituted to analyze the performance of deemed university in 2009, and it came out with report that was shocking. A number of institutions were given deemed university which didn't have infrastructures, quality and other requirements in the first place. Several others haven't been able to live up to the promises and expectations. Now the panel has recommended de-recognition of 44 out of 122 deemed universities.

The above 44 universities facing derecognition have been termed to have become 'teaching shops'. There have been serious misalignment from the UGC guidelines, lack of transparency, misgovernance, inefficient infrastructures, etc which have put them in this position. UGC every 5 year evaluates the position of such institutions so as to ensure that that our temples of educations are performing as per the guidelines.

The age of commercialisation has seen many such institutions being involved in malpractices. This not only jeopardises the education system, but also the future of students and country as a whole. Giving deemed status to ineligible insitutions in the first place raises question of the granting authority as well.

HIgher education institution shoulder the responsibility of strengthening the future of the country and such discrepancies heavily jeopardizes that. Thus both granting as well as regulation process needs to be streamlined to secure a better future to the students and the country.

there are other important news(THE HINDU) which you didn't post like.....EU ban on indian Alphonso Mangoes?....Pollutents polluting the ganga?....Four tests approved by WHO for TB detection?(GeneXpert)...Metabolic Syndrome in children?.....Brahminy Kites?

In the light of Tandon's committee report, the worthiness of 'deemed university' concept has been debated. Any higher education institution, with high standard of creating and disseminating knowledge in any specialized area can be conferred a deemed to be university recognition. Such an institution thereafter enjoys an academic status and privileges of a university.
Prof. P.N.Tandon committee report evaluated the quality and performance of 126 deemed universities based on different criteria and recommended to de-reognise 44 institutions which do not meet the guidelines of UGC to be given the status.
Post independence, with a view to expand the base of higher education in the country, Prof.S.Radhakrishnan committee recommended to grant university status to existing institutions deemed university status which confirm to criteria set by UGC. Thus, many institutions were set up which excelled in various fields like medicine, agriculture, social sciences, engineering etc. They promoted to the growth of higher education sector. Human resource with specialized skills were produced in last 3-4 decades. These institutions, with high investments in education sector aided the public institutions for development of science and technology in the country. Many of these institutions collaborated with foreign institutions exchanging knowledge and resources.
However, the concept itself got mired into criticism due to lack of transparency. Section 3 of UGC Act has been misused to confer the status to undeserved institutions. Many institutions which lack the viability and management, proven competence of specialization were granted the status. Even the fee structure in these institutions is not affordable to large section of the society thereby lack inclusiveness. Some of these institutions have become mere 'teaching shops' with no record of research.
Despite the present limitations, the deemed university concept can be made successful by streamlining the process and creating a transparent regulatory framework. This is must to cater to the growing demand for quality higher education in the country. where most of our youth looking for foreign universities leading to brain drain.

nice information

<ol>
<li>What is a deemed university? In the light of recent committee reports on their quality and performance, critically comment on their necessity and their effect on higher education sector in the country.

                                  In the light of Tandon's committee report, the worthiness of 'deemed university' concept has been debated. Any higher education institution, with high standard of creating and disseminating knowledge in any specialized area can be conferred a deemed to be university recognition. Such an institution thereafter enjoys an academic status and privileges of a university. 
                                      Prof. P.N.Tandon committee report evaluated the quality and performance of 126 deemed universities based on different criteria and recommended to  de-reognise 44 institutions which do not meet the guidelines of UGC to be given the status.
                                      Post independence, with a view to expand the base of higher education in the country, Prof.S.Radhakrishnan committee recommended to grant university status to existing institutions deemed university status which confirm to criteria set by UGC. Thus, many institutions were set up which excelled in various fields like medicine, agriculture, social sciences, engineering etc. They promoted to the growth of higher education sector. Human resource with specialized skills were produced in last 3-4 decades. These institutions, with high investments in education sector aided the public institutions for development of science and technology in the country. Many of these institutions collaborated with foreign institutions exchanging knowledge and resources. 
                                      However, the concept itself got mired into criticism due to lack of  transparency. Section 3 of UGC Act has been misused to confer the status to undeserved institutions.  Many institutions which lack the viability and management, proven competence of specialization were granted the status. Even the fee structure in these institutions is  not affordable to large section of the society thereby lack inclusiveness. Some of these institutions have become mere 'teaching shops' with no record of research.
                                        Despite the present limitations, the deemed university concept can be made successful by streamlining the process and creating a transparent regulatory framework. This is must to cater to the growing demand for quality higher education in the country. where most of our youth looking for foreign universities leading to brain drain.

</li>
</ol>

Comment on recent trends in Sino-U.S. ties.

Sino-U.S relations have evolved from tense standoffs to complex mix of intensifying diplomacy, growing international rivalry and increasing intertwined economies. The US and China are usually neither allies nor enemies. The US government does not regard China as an adversary but as a competitor in some areas and partner in others.

In recent times, especially since the beginning of the decade the rapid rise of China's power have created worries and concerns for US. China is viewed as increasingly assertive or even aggressive in the way it defines its core interests and in its approaches to the East and South China Seas disputes. As its power grows, it is becoming more outspoken about its interest and more prepared to defend them forcefully. It became one of the prominent reason for US to introduce pivot for Asia strategy.

While there are tensions in SIno-US relations, there are also many stabilizing factors. The PRC and US are major trade partners(second largest in the world) and have common interests in the prevention and suppression of terrorism and nuclear proliferation.. The relationship has been described by top leaders and academics as world's most important bilateral relationship of 21st century. Infact China is the greatest beneficiary of the existing international system, which the US architected and helped to create.

Even though differences or strategic trust deficits may persist but with intense economic interaction and diplomatic efforts both of them tries to maintain positive direction in the international relationship.

Q Comment on recent trends in Sino-U.S. ties

The relationship between the U.S. and China is vitally important, touching on a wide range of areas including, among others, economic policy, security, foreign relations, and human rights. U.S. interests with China are bound together much more closely now than even a few years ago. These extensive inter-linkages have made it increasingly difficult for either government to take unilateral actions without inviting far-reaching, unintended consequences.

In recent years, both Beijing and Washington have been putting a lot of efforts to better manage their relationship and steer it onto a more stable terrain. Yet, the world's most important pair of nation-to-
nation ties is unable to break the undesirable circle of ups and downs. Some of the recent event have put strain in the relationship are disputes of East China and South China Sea, the economic advantage China gains from not floating its currency, human rights violation charges on China, US Asian pivot strategy, which China fears as a strategy to encircle it, Air Defense zone declaration by China, Cyber warfare and Cyber espionage by US, Environmental issue.

However, despite all these issues, the United States and China have become symbiotically intertwined, China is the second-largest U.S. trading partner and is the second largest holder of U.S. securities and the largest holder of U.S. Treasuries. Both Nation have common interest in combating terrorism, piracy ,Afghanistan , Nuclear proliferation. They should maintain cordial relation which not also beneficial for

them but for the whole world.

well attempted.. u can add more recent examples like.. US's support to Japan and pact with the Philippines and also China voting against US backed resolution against Sri Lanka, Support to Russia over Ukraine Crisis etc.. well drafted and keep writing

A superpower and emerging power ,US and China are on the forefront of any change happening in world’s page. Recent happenings have made the competition more regressive but at the same time cooperation has also find its way.

The instances like cyber warfare, US media active reporting about human rights abuse of Chinese by their government, its pivot to Asia as defence pact with the Philippines which will strengthen its Asian arrival and support to Japan on China’s Air Identification Zone had helped distrust to grow. At another side China’s governments  favouring indigenous  projects, and its regressive emergence in Asia including support to North Korea have threatened US capture of superiority.

While rivalry is on they have tried for reconciliation of which invitation to China as guest in G8, China move to prohibit some chemicals and weapons export to N Korea ,China attending Nuclear Secular Summit, and also chances of it joining TPP are some major moves by both powers to have amicable relations. Positive steps were China-US Strategic and Economic dialogue and both working on Iran’s’ nuclear program. Both share and interdependent relation in trade China being second largest trade partner of US.

Both countries relation are full of distrust but they have compartmentalized their interests in order to let the contentious issu grow in their own interest but not to harm the economic interest.

2sanjh :written well. you have touched many areas in the 3rd para which has made your answer rich in points.

Thankyou/..I was advised once that ans never shud be in points.But I can see many answers written in points.Writting in para makes this answer bit boring.

it does not matter whethers u have written it point wise or not as long as ur ans reflect the demand of the question. writting in points moreover makes it easy for the examiner..

yeah..thanks

The nature of China - US relations depends more on their strategies for influence in the countries of Asia-pacific than the bilateral issues. The ties are looked stable on top, but many underlying issues are taking ground.

Both the nations are competing for increasing influence in ASEAN, which became vital in their long term strategies for hegemony. China has softened its stance on South China Sea islands; offered MSR, maritime Silk Road. US has diluted the sanctions on Mynamar; floated TPP, trans pacific partnership. This competetion is yet to be evolved.

East China Sea dispute and the ADIZ by China hasn’t attracted a strong response from US, representing US cautious apporach. US pivote to Asia strategy is went to backburner after Kerry gets in. However, US is bound for Japan's defence by treaty. Both nations is taking a cautious apporach and avoided extremes.

The evolution of US-japan-India access raised suspicion in Chinese and they perceived as a containment strategy by US.

Other areas that generated minor differneces include, China's support ot Russia over Ukrain crisis, nuclear programme of North Korea, safe passage of Snowden though hongkong, spying by chinese telecom manufactures.

The rise of China has threatened the dominant position of US in world politics.US in order to retain its position has looked to contain china’s rise by backing states with which china’s relation are negative. This is the base to US pivot to Asia strategy.
US in order to emphasize its seriousness about its Asia pivot strategy has undertaken a whistle stop tour of Asia, visiting countries with whom china’s relation are hostile. Japan was one of them, where US president in his visit assured Japan of support in case of threat from china. If this statement made US intensions explicit, the deal signed with Philippines, which allowed greater US military presence in the island, was implicit assertion of its goal towards containing china.
China on the other hand has taken the US head on by going against it in the global platforms like voting against the US backed resolution in UNHRC against Sri Lanka and also recently pledging support for Russia for over Ukraine crisis.
But despite their political ambitions, both countries have huge stake in each other’s economy .US is vital market for China’s exports and also China is a major investor in US treasury bonds. Therefore both countries while being hostile towards each other has maintained a neutral stand towards each other’s peaceful ambitions.
words: 217
time : 17 mins approx
Please review ..

Darshan Good answer...Actually balanced answer where u have 1000 points to write in 200 words.However I feel some examples o positive steps also should be put down which has not been mentioned by anyone here

Sorry I did not read example of UNHRC and Ukraine eg...good answer...

thanks for reviewing.:)

A superpower and emerging power ,US and China are on the forefront of any change happening in world’s page. Recent happenings have made the competition more regressive but at the same time cooperation has
also find its way.

The instances like surveillance by NSA in Chinese government emails, US media active reporting about human rights abuse of Chinese by their government, its pivot to Asia as defence pact with the Philippines which will strengthen its Asian arrival and support to Japan on China’s Air Identification Zone had helped distrust to grow. At another side China’s governments  favouring indigenous  projects, censorship, and its regressive emergence in Asia including support to North Korea have threatened US capture of superiority.

While rivalry is on they have tried for reconciliation of which invitation to China as guest in G8, China move to prohibit some chemicals and weapons export to N Korea ,China attending Nuclear Secular Summit, and also chances of it joining TPP are some major moves by both powers to have amicable relations. Positive steps were China-US Strategic and Economic dialogue and both working on Iran’s’ nuclear program. Both share and interdependent relation in trade China being second largest trade partner of US.

Both countries relation are full of distrust but they have compartmentalized their interests in order to let the contentious issue grow in their own interest but not to harm the economic interest.

US and China are the world`s two largest economies and have considerable influence on the world politics. China is the largest holder of the US public debt. China has emerged as the second largest economy posing a threat to the US dominance.

The events in the east and south east Asia have impacted the relations between the two powers. US had criticized the setup of ADIZ by China without prior consultation with the countries in the region.The call for international arbitration by US for the resolution of the south China disputes has raised concerns in China. China has published a report on the human right violations in US including the surveillance on the citizens, gun violence , mistreatment of inmates and homelessness.

Chinas increased defense expenditure has not been received well by US. The expansion in the defense capability has posed threat to the US bases in close proximity to China. The augment of Chinas cyber capacity has created potential for cyber warfare. China`s support for Sri Lanka in the US backed resolution has impacted the ties. US has been critical of the low value of Yuan being used by China to boost its exports.

Realizing the growth of China , US aims to foster the ties and strengthen the relations. US has maintained that it seeks the peaceful resolution of disputes , rather than the containment of China.

Please review

The rise of China over the last few decades have changed the balance of the world politics, and relation between China and USA have been redefined. There have been areas where co-opreration has strengthened but at other issues serious conflicts have arisen.

China's rise to world as the second largest economy and continued high growth rate threatens the unipolarity and balance of USA. Over the past few years. There have been an increase in trade since open door policy, and totally many US companies have production units in China. Simultaneously Chinese are the most populous group in USA. At various fronts like role in Afghanistan, Global war on terrorism, trade, nuclear disarmament and others the two countries are extremely cooperative.

Simultaneously there have cropped up many dispute areas as well. Cyber security, declaration of Air Defece Zones, Syrai and Cremia issue etc. the two have taken unfriendly stances. China's recent occupation of oil fields in Africa and Latin Ameria have further agrravated the tensions. Counties have accused each other of patent infringement and cyber space as well. Even on Global Warming conventions they have taken opposite stances.
Recently US refused to join the navy exercise organised by China.

USA and China are two country with two different ideologies and thus few ares of conflict are bound to happen. World has changed and hence their relations will get redefined according to time. But it's expected of the the largest two economies that they wold play a constructive role in the creation of a safe sustainable future of the world.

Recent trends in US Sino ties have been shaped and calibrated both by geostrategic and economic considerations.China's rise and challenge to US hegemony,esp in East Asia, is being viewed with alarm in The US.Its crucial role in US economy is also considered and taken account of.The recent US foreign policy failures like inability to meet the red line in SYria,its diminished influence during Arab Spring,afghanistan quagmire and the recent snubs in Ukraine and paelstine have emboldened China to assert its global role.

China is US 2nd largest trading partner.It employs lakhs of americans,esp in its manufacturing industry.In 2011.Us and China stressed on positive,comprehensive and cooperative relationship.There has been increased instances of US China military and official level contacts.Talks are on Bilateral investment treaty and cooperation on green economy.Further,discussions have been held on cyber espionage,north Korea and free trade.

However,some roadblocks and power tussles ahve inevitably crept into their ties.The unilateral ADIZ declaration by China,its support for North Korean regime,territorial disputes with almost all of its neighbors and hostile relations with major US allies in the region,taiwan and Japan, have exacerbated Sino US mistrust.The recent US president visit to East Asia,essentially to reaffirm its committment to the Asia Pacific pivot announced in 2011,as also to assure its partners of its staying ability and willingness,alongwith its lead in trans pacific partnership (TPP) negotiations has further infused mistrust and latent hostility in Sino-US ties.

trans pacific partnership (TPP) - nice point

A backdrop:

The Sino-US relations have grown ever since Nixon-Kissinger secret visit to China in the 1970s. Today, while the US is the largest economy, China is the fastest growing nation and the fact that its growth is fueled by FDI flows from the US and other European countries, make the Sino-US tie of great importance to a large number of human beings on earth today.

Sino-US ties have certain variables that should be kept in mind:
a) China's relationship with the two Koreas. Noth Korea's belligerance and threat of US troops coming close to Chinese soil.
b) China-Japan relations as US has signed a Friendship Treaty with Japan.
c) China's expansionist attitude, especially in South China sea, as all the trade routes from Middle east or South Asia, to the Western Coasts of the US passes through this region.
d) China's role at international fora, both global and regional, viz: WTO, IMF, G8, UN, Asean, SCO to name a few.

In recent years, with the US promoting the Asia pivot doctrine and reiterating its commitment to contain China and at the same time build a peaceful relationship with the World's leader in economic growth, gives the idea of how complex the ties are.

On one hand, China is accused of devaluing its currency to fuel its exports on the other hand the US is blamed of making the US dollar so very crucial for global trade. As China has already started to talk about an alternate, parallel global trade and economic architecture citing the undemocratic nature of post second world war institutions of global co-operation and development, one may see a synthesis of new global order from the thesis of a unipolar world post cold war to an anti-thesis of expanding China and present day fears of the start of an second cold war.

<hr/>

PS:
About the answer to this question, I think Sourabh had already given a good start.

hi chakresh. do cyber warfare and snooping episode need mention??? what's say????

Though US patent regime is of more importance I think. Specially in renewable energy sector. Shale gas extraction too is an emerging sector and both US and China are going to be key players in that market. Plus Chinese Diplomacy is the most intricate I think, so not much can be said from what we get to read. I am not too much for including cyber issues here as I have little input right now for that. May be you might have a point, after all Chinese hackers are known for causing menace and copy rights are heavily breached in China. Plus one thing should be noted, the US is more interested in Southern China, where most of the economic activity takes place. As soon as you go a little North, military bases start appearing. Now US-China economic ties and US-China defense ties are two different things. I do not know where cyber things will fit into as it has implications on business as well as security. But then that can be said about everything else. Ummmm... really don't have much input so.. I feel tell others say.. I really find China hard to understand :P

let** others say

I think that's more important with US-Germany and US- Brazil ties.. With US-China I cannot say. I do not know.

a very good answer

thanks..

Somebody gave 1 star. Hurts.

Haha.. Well I ll give it 4*

In the 21st century era, US and China relations have become complex and multidimensional as well as with lot of interdependencies. They are neither allies nor enemies, rather are competitors in some areas and partners in others.

Political ties:
-- China views US' Asia Pivot with suspicion as an attempt by US to contain and encircle China. It assumes the recently concluded defence pact between US and Philippines as a step in this direction.
--US backing China's neighbours in maritime territorial disputes in East and South China sea has caused tensions between the two.
--China's aggressiveness points towards its fear for increasing presence of US in its vicinity, especially Asia-Pacific.
-- To counter China, US repeatedly uses India as a swing state.

Global issues:
-- both have difference of opinions on global issues like Syria, Iran, Ukraine.
--US views China as more inclined towards Russia.
--US blames China along with India for not cooperating on climate change, greenhouse gases issues.
However, US acknowledges the need of cooperation required on issues like North Korea, Afganistan, proliferation of nuclear weapons, terrorism, etc.

Economic relations:
-- in this multipolar world, the rise of China as one of the pole is increasingly making them as competitors.
--US blames China for intentionally keeping its currency devalued to increase its exports competitiveness.
-- proposed Trans-pacific Partnership cautiously excludes China also generates suspicion between the two.

However, being the world's two largest economies and one of the largest trading partners, both economies share complex interdependencies. In recent times, trade and commerce relations have strengthened and both regard each other as important economic partners.

friends, please review

@Ekta:: ***US views China as more inclined towards Russia

Nice point.

Well crafted answer.

@ekta :
good presentation

Post Open Door Policy of US, US and China have emerged as the two largest powers in the world, be it economic, technological or military. Both of the nations are largest trading partners with trade crossing over $500 bn in 2013. US has increasingly becoming accommodative of China and propose a cordial relationship with China in era of Chinese rise.

However, there have been certain contentious issues between the two nations.
* Currency Wars issue, where US increasing said that China is devaluing its currency to get benefit from its huge exports to US.
* Human Rights violations in China.
* Cyber Security implications where China has criticized US for Spying and US has put the same allegations on China.
* Despite denial by US, it is also felt that US is keen to contain China's expansion whereby Chinese claims to many territories would be settled by supporting the countries who are opposite parties to such claims (Pivot to Asia policy).

Despite all these concerns both the nations can not live in isolation from each other as both nations depends on each other in many areas like manufacturing, technology, security, services and many more economic and strategic benefits involved.

Recent trip by United states President to Tokyo and Manila has brought the ties between US and China to the fore .Though China is not in the itinerary , it is unavoidable in the agenda.
The development of US Sino ties in the recent past can be reflected from multiple dimensions. Among them ,US attention given to military engagement with countries in the South China sea and its reiteration on the respecting the status quo when it comes to territorial disputes will be keenly watched by Chinese. Furthermore, China’s increasing spending in the military ,cyber and space has exacerbated US concerns .
From the economic angle, the rising power of China in global, in particularly Asian market is undoubted. China s export led growth ,increasing economic integration with neighboring countries ,especially India, accelerates the US rebalance towards Asia. Trans Pacific Partnership involving ASEAN and US ,excluding China, stands testimony to it. Though commitment to cooperation rhetoric hits the stand more often, suspicions building up on both sides can never be ignored.
Also ,the Cremian referendum brings a new dimension into picture. China can’t afford to lose or offend or abandon its support to Russia for varying compelling reasons such as internal and external security, leave alone US regarded as common threat. US should also keep in mind that China s one child policy will change the social structure in China ,it would be giving more focus to take care of the ageing population and its domestic concerns. To add further,Countries in this South Asian region will wishfully expect both the countries to avoid hostilities and build confidence so that win win situation is a possible scenario. It can be unequivocally concluded that tensions and rivalry will prevail between two super power and it is not by eliminating these forces but by balancing these forces peace and prosperity would prevail in the entire world.

America and China are world’s 1st and 2nd largest economies respectively. Also, America and China is world’s Second largest trading partner. They are having huge military power and influence in world political affairs. Thus, their relationship is considered by many strategists as highly critical in 21st century.

Their relations have been improving and strengthening despite having several issues such as influence in Asia, disputes of East China and South China Sea, Currency issues and human rights violation charges on China. USA is concerned that China is keeping its currency deliberately lower in value to benefit its exporters. Also, China is trying hard to replace Dollar with Yuan as currency of global and regional trade. Global climate change is another issue, as both countries are highest consumer of oil and highest Greenhouse Gas emitters. Cyber warfare and Cyber espionage is another issue of contention.

But, China is also largest debt provider to US. Both countries have common interests in combating nuclear proliferation and terrorism. Ex – Afghanistan and North Korea. A lot of people are visiting from China to US and vice-versa for studying, business, working and living thus strengthening ties. Media has created an important role in building public perception. Both countries have a desire to maintain stable relations which is beneficial for not only them but to the whole world.

Nice flow of answer rs5000..covered almost all issues. kindly review my answer also

Nice flow of answer rs5000..covered almost all issues. kindly review my answer also...

The relationship between the two heavyweights US and China has not been smooth and there have been continuous ups and downs due to converging spheres of influence globally be it indo pacific or middle east.

There have been some bilateral issues like US initially deployed pivot to asia to contain china but later on recalibrated to rebalancing of asia,initially opposition of chienese ADIZ over senkaku/diayou islands and later on criticizing japan on issue of visit to war shrine. freedom of navigation in south china sea has been also a bone of contention between these two. In Cyberspace also US initially asked china to promote freedom of expression and reduce control on internet but found itself wanting after the snowden snoopgate scandal.

At international fora also US and china found themselves on opposite sides during climate change negotiations, syria and ukraine issue and recently on Resolution against Sri lanka for human rights violation.

Though both sides are bounded closely on economic front , issues of counter terrorism , piracy , Afghanistan , Nuclear proliferation but there is lot of scope of for harmonization and diffusion of tension.

China and U.S relation can be seen in the lieu of redistribution of power in world geopolitics. China is rising and U.S is a bit stagnant or rising slowly. The world is moving towards balance of power. The trend in U.S-Sino relation has been a bit of animosity. Some of the recent event have put strain in the relationship:
1. Air Defence zone declaration by China, has infuriated U.S and its allies in Pacific.
2. U.S apparent support against China with respect to disputed Island in South China Sea.
3. U.S Asian pivot strategy, which China fears as a strategy to encircle it.
4. Opposition of U.S in global forum, regarding issues like Sri Lanka, Syria etc.
However despite of a sort of cold war, U.S China trade has been growing leaps and bounds. Both of them are getting more and more interdependent each day. Thus, China-U.S relation may have certain flip flops, but it is not a threat to world peace as was the case during cold war.

very nice answer Sourabh. you have written about all important aspects. You can add the dispute over patent rights, especially in solar energy sector. Also, I think the fact that China is coming under increased terrorist threats, China-US relations should also be seen in the light of recent defense deals.
You could have added one more paragraph about China's economy undergoing changes that might show new trends in future.

Best wishes.
Regards.

Thanks Chakresh..
I wanted to write about many other aspects but due to paucity of time, i could not write them.
I am trying to increase my writing speed.
Nice information though.....

Also, one can add about the manipulation of Renminbi by China and the issue of holding up of huge reserves of US dollars.

How is a Tornado caused? Explain its mechanism and geographical distribution.

Tornados are weather phenomenon that is resulted from high pressure differences between two different regions. The wind in high temperature region goes up and the cold air from surrounding regions rushes in. When cold air comes in contact with hot air, it becames hot by releasing energy and move upwards, setting in motion the whirlpool like mechanism. Moving over large distances and hot regions, it gains continuous strenght and becomes terrirfic. This can be compare with phenoemon of cyclone on ocean surface.

Torandos is a recurring phenomenon in Norht America , due to high temperatue differences between the tropical and sub-tropical regions. They almost non-existent in othere region due to local conditions, which cretes phenomenons other than Tornado.

Tornado is basically a funnel shaped storm which are smallest but most violent and disastrous of all storms. They are violently rotating column of air having cumulonimbus clouds attached to it. It is charcterized by very low pressure at the centre wit steep pressure gradient due to which winds rush up towards centre having furious velocity of 600 to 800 km/hr.

The exact mechanism of origin and development of the tornado is not fully understood but meteorologists believe that they are formed due to violent convection of conditionally and convectively unstable column of ascending air. The tornado has also been related to fronts. Sometimes intense local heating of ground surface causes strong convection which induces ideal condition for the development of tornado. Some also believe that tornado develop because of the attraction of two cloud masses.

Tornadoes are the most common in southern and eatern USA. The approach of tornado is followed by dark and thick clouds in the sky resulting into complete darkness and minimum visibility and low air pressure.

Tornadoes,though are tiny storms, but are the most intense vortex in nature having the highest pressure gradient(upto 100 milibar).Though exact mechanism of tornado formation is unknown, they tend to develop in warm, moist, unstable air associated with midlatitude cyclone.They develop from a vertical wind shear in a thunderstorm i.e a significant difference between the direction /speed of low level winds and high level winds (jet streams). This causes turbulence on the boundary between the two wind systems and the air starts rolling along a horizontal axis. Strong updraft in such situation tilt the rotating air vertically.This leads to formation of a mesocyclone which may then turn into a tornado.

Tornadoes are restricted to land areas and occur in midlatitudes and sub tropics. But more than 90% are reported in USA alone. Such huge concentration in one region points to the favourable environmental conditions - relatively large flat terrain of central/south-eastern USA which provides for unhindered interaction between polar and tropical air masses.